Hong Kong Cultural Conversation

Conservation is now recognized worldwide as an important component of sustainable development, particularly in cities undergoing rapid development. In Hong Kong, however, it was not until the recent years that the city's government, citizens and the media have brought more attention to the development of the city's cultural and arts scene and preservation of the former British colony's unique cultural heritage. In response to the social unrest, the government has begun to develop a specific strategy with regard to the arts and culture.One main focus of their strategies lies in the preservation of Hong Kong cultural heritage. However, despite the government’s effort on heritage preservation, what probably is just as frustrating is the Hong Kong government’s awkward attempts at heritage preservation and privatization of public spaces. Is the government making progress to preserve our cultural heritage? Or is it just making progress to transform our heritage into commoditi es and taking further steps to engage in economic exploitation of public space?What elements should be put into consideration when we talk about cultural preservation and urban planning? Where are the missing parts in the design of existing projects to stand a chance of living the metropolitan spaces in accordance with the real needs and hopes of the people who live in the space? Problem that lies behind the positive metropolitan image of Hong Kong Despite the image of Hong Kong as a metropolitan city successful in international finance, commerce and tourism, a deep-rooted problem that lies in Hong Kong people’s heart is a lack of sense of belonging, a lack of Hong Kong identity.During colonial period, Hong Kong has been referred to as a borrowed space and borrowed time. Meanwhile, the differences in culture and civilization between Hong Kong and China created a barrier to Hong Kong people’s identifying themselves as Chinese. â€Å"Hong Kong’s lack of identity is also due to its status as not so much a place as a space of transit, whose residents think of themselves of transients and migrants on their way between China and other cities. Worse still, after the handover in 1977, we have been experiencing limited democracy in our society, as reflected in limited political rights granted to the public and lack of public election mechanism. â€Å"Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong† therefore remains a political slogan and still a goal. Searching for Hong Kong identity continues, and this psychological barrier partly explains why the Hong Kong brands and products often faced the criticism of lacking a unique identity.Conserving cultural heritage as a way to define self identity The limitations on democracy in post-colonial Hong Kong is causing more public outcry to seek expression or confirmation of their identities through preservation of arts and culture. It has been argued that the role of art and culture in Hong Kong has taken on incr easing significance in the city's search for an identity over the past 13 years since China resumed sovereignty over the territory. More and more people identify themselves as Hongkonger and less as Chinese or British colonist.People are defining themselves as Hongkongers and conserving Hong Kong’s heritage, especially architectures and sites where their collective memories came from is part of that self-defining. Along with these attempts is a change in societal expectations. Hong Kong used to be a developers’ dream as economic prosperity over the past 30 years has been largely due to its immense rate of construction. Now people see the paradox that as they are advancing to become a global city they are also losing parts of their lives, thus there emerged voices on conservation.While the Hong Kong government’s heritage policies—or lack thereof—are threatening to destroy what is left of our past that constitutes our cultural identity in the name of development, people start to speak out on preserving what they grew up with and feel it is important to taking the lead in mentoring the next generation about Hong Kong’s history and cultural heritage. The public space in Hong Kong being a battle field In Hong Kong, every inch of land is labeled with an economic value. The high value of land in Hong Kong heightens the level of control and conflict in land use.In the past few years, we have already seen the tenement houses on Wing Lee Street in Central, the Graham Street Market in Central, Lee Tung Street and Queen’s Pier in Wanchai, all being the landmarks of old Hong Kong, earmarked for destruction. We have also seen the privatization of public space at the expenses of public interests: shopping centers in public housing estates originally managed by the Housing Authority have been privatized by The Link; the development of West Kowloon are tilted towards orporate interests not the livelihood of residents; The harbou r front of Hong Kong Island, cut off from the living space of ordinary people, has turned into the backyard of luxurious private residential complexes or giant shopping mall housing all the big global brands; the Central seafront reclamation area also falls into the same fate -it is designed as an extension of government offices and the huge Mody Mall, instead of being considered for cultural and recreational use as demanded by the Hong Kong public.Urban and social planning on land use and distribution of wealth shows a tendency of being biased towards corporate and capitalists’ interests. Hong Kong people are yet to have a say to the use of their own space and this has given rise to many social problems such as public’s opposition sentiment towards government, self-identity crisis, substitution of local diversity and choices by global demands for homogeneity, widened gap between the rich and the poor, and so on.The turning points that awake the government One of the t urning points in public opinion with respect to heritage preservation was the renewal of Lee Tung Street in Wanchai. This street was well known to all of Hong Kong as â€Å"The Wedding Card Street. † All the little shops provided all the props necessary to have a happy and prosperous Chinese wedding, giving this street an aura of vibrancy and joy. However, the urban renewal authority had targeted the whole street for renewal.Many of the shopkeepers were upset to be pushed out of the area as they felt want to stay here not just for business but also because they had established a community with neighborhoods from a few generations and therefore a strong emotional attachment with the place. There were many protests and banners expressing the dissatisfaction of the shopkeepers. The public outcry did not work to influence the government’s decision and the shops are now all closed awaiting redevelopment.Another turning point is the demolition of the Queen’s Ferry pie r along with its iconic clock tower in Wanchai in December 2006 as part of the traffic development plan for Wanchai. It has led to widely publicized protests and even hunger strikes that the government had not anticipated. Yet the citizens again lost in the battle to fight for public space. The pier was a â€Å"young† 49 years when it was destroyed and was not considered old enough by the authorities and, therefore, it did not have enough heritage value.Yet, to many Hong Kong people, the historic value of the pier is not measured only by its duration or by a number as of years or days, for time is also related to the question of memory, experience, moment. According to Local Action, a local group with hundreds of members that led the protests against the government with the goal of saving Hong Kong’s culture heritage and public space, â€Å"The pier is a symbol of Hong Kong history with strong socio-political significance for many social and political events took plac e at the pier.It had also been used by many royalties and governors as they came to Hong Kong and many demonstrations took place here, signifying its importance as a landmark† People expressed that it is also a place where their memories and experiences came from therefore they have developed a strong attachment to â€Å"their place†. This public reaction echoes John Urry in â€Å"Reinterpreting Local Culture from Consuming Placesâ€Å", in which John remarked that â€Å"the object signifies the place and that if the object were to be demolished or substantially changed then that would signify a threat to the place itself. †

Here Is What People Are Saying About Our Book

Here Is What People Are Saying About Our Book Here Is What People Are Saying About Our Book Here Is What People Are Saying About Our Book By Daniel Scocco We are getting close to 500 copies sold of our book, 100 Writing Mistakes to Avoid, so I wanted to give you guys a couple of updates. First of all we are working to get both a paperback and a Kindle version of the book available, as right now you can only get it in digital format (i.e., as a PDF). Second, the feedback we received so far is great. Out of 500 buyers only two asked for a refund, and that is because they thought they were buying a physical book. On top of that there were many positive reviews around the web. Here are some quotes I gathered: Thirty minutes after I got this book I looked up from my screen, a smile of intense satisfaction playing around my lips. It is not every day that one encounters gold nuggets, something this book truly is. (Fredrick Nwonwu) When you’ve been writing for as long as I have (my first piece was published in 1958 when I won a national Sunday school magazine short story contest), there is a dangerous tendency to think you know all you need to know, and it’s only necessary to come up with brilliant ideas. Well, just when you think you know it all someone comes along to pull you back jerkily to reality. 100 Writing Mistakes to Avoid, by Maeve Maddox, is only 45 pages long, but like the proverbial ant in the elephant’s ear, it can have a disproportionate impact on the quality of your writing. (Charles Ray) Unlike other English grammar books, which are lengthy, complex, and boring, â€Å"100 Writing Mistakes To Avoid† is simple, straightforward, and it focus on the 100 mistakes that are probably already hurting your writing pieces. (Satish G.) This book will make it easier to identify and avoid mistakes which might make our clients think less of us. As a British writer who often writes for an American audience, it’s useful to have guidance on a few stylistic points that may feel wrong to me but may be right for my readers. (Sharon Hurley) Where I think the guide comes in really handy is for writers who are committing these mistakes and may not even realize it. These aren’t the kind of things that are picked up in a spell check and unless we know what to look for, in all probability, we will continue oblivious to these types of errors. (Travis King) If you dont have your copy yet you can buy it here for $9.99. Finally, I also wanted to thank all the readers who already bought the book. It is a way to support the work we put on this blog, and we sure appreciate it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor36 Poetry TermsGrammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

Free Essays on Communication Disorders

Communication Disorders Communication Disorders encompass a wide range of impairments, mainly dealing with â€Å"receiving, understanding, and expressing information, feelings, and ideas† (Turnbull 400). Normally, people possessing one or more of these disorders have problems with language, speech, or hearing (Kid 1). With new developments in education and methods of therapy, many of these disorders can be improved. Two of the three major types of communication disorders will be discussed within this paper. These include the areas of language and speech. Exceptional Lives defines a speech disorder as â€Å"the difficulty to produce sounds as well as disorders of voice or fluency of speech.† An individual with speech problems may have trouble following directions, speaking at a normal pace, and exhibiting correct syntax and articulation (Kid 1). The typical human is able to learn to speak with no problem, and the progression is somewhat miraculous. While people are unable to document or study the norms of speech development, the abnormalities can and have been thoroughly studied. Some speech impairments include articulation (a speaker’s production of individual or sequenced sounds), voice disorders, and fluency disorders (Turnbull 404-5). Voice disorders reflect â€Å"pitch, duration, intensity, resonance, and vocal quality (Turnbull 405),† while Fluency disorders â€Å"are characterized by a disruption in the smooth flow or expression of speech† (Health 1). Language development is another miraculous, yet â€Å"complex†, facet of life. The five components of language development include â€Å"phonology (sound system), morphology (word forms), syntax (word order and sentence structure), semantics (word and sentence meanings), and pragmatics (social us of language)† (Turnbull 406). To be considered as a speaker of any particular language, a person must possess two distinguishing skills: stimulus and response. If a person u... Free Essays on Communication Disorders Free Essays on Communication Disorders Communication Disorders Communication Disorders encompass a wide range of impairments, mainly dealing with â€Å"receiving, understanding, and expressing information, feelings, and ideas† (Turnbull 400). Normally, people possessing one or more of these disorders have problems with language, speech, or hearing (Kid 1). With new developments in education and methods of therapy, many of these disorders can be improved. Two of the three major types of communication disorders will be discussed within this paper. These include the areas of language and speech. Exceptional Lives defines a speech disorder as â€Å"the difficulty to produce sounds as well as disorders of voice or fluency of speech.† An individual with speech problems may have trouble following directions, speaking at a normal pace, and exhibiting correct syntax and articulation (Kid 1). The typical human is able to learn to speak with no problem, and the progression is somewhat miraculous. While people are unable to document or study the norms of speech development, the abnormalities can and have been thoroughly studied. Some speech impairments include articulation (a speaker’s production of individual or sequenced sounds), voice disorders, and fluency disorders (Turnbull 404-5). Voice disorders reflect â€Å"pitch, duration, intensity, resonance, and vocal quality (Turnbull 405),† while Fluency disorders â€Å"are characterized by a disruption in the smooth flow or expression of speech† (Health 1). Language development is another miraculous, yet â€Å"complex†, facet of life. The five components of language development include â€Å"phonology (sound system), morphology (word forms), syntax (word order and sentence structure), semantics (word and sentence meanings), and pragmatics (social us of language)† (Turnbull 406). To be considered as a speaker of any particular language, a person must possess two distinguishing skills: stimulus and response. If a person u...

EMERGENCY NURSING DISCUSSION 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EMERGENCY NURSING DISCUSSION 3 - Essay Example Introduction of such a rule has several implications, both positive and negative, both of which will be discussed in this essay. The main positive outcome of this rule is formal addressing of the established "access block"of eight hours, which was a burden on the emergency departments and had adverse impact on the care of the patient. Thus, the new "access block" standard is four hours and this is enforced with high level of compliance, thereby solving the access block problem. Implementation of the rule forces hospital administrations to take responsibility for the access block problem. Also, ramifications pertaining to patient flow is beyond only ED problem and the hospital gets involved in it. Another major advantage of this rule is that it forces the staff to assess and manage patients at an early stage, thus enhancing the role of clinical judgment, without merely depending on laboratory diagnosis (Cadogan, 2009). The four hour rule has some negative effects too. It causes increased stress because of increased number of after hour shifts, 24- hour emergency consultant cover and increase in weekend shifts. Such stress, without punitive penalties can lead to gaming of figures, facts and flow of patients. The stress can also cause reduction in the standard of care delivered in the emergency room. Also, the autonomy of the emergency physician can get denuded which can in turn impact the patients negatively. The rule increases the propensity for adverse patient outcomes and here are high chances for the patients to get discharged early without a proper diagnosis. Some experts opine that excellence in patient flow will be rewarded than appropriate patient care (Cadogan,

Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Article Review - Essay Example In his work, his aim is to keep readers entertained, but in his view to entertain, it is clear the author disregards the Populist Party. In the author’s argument on politics and money, the symbols he uses for representation are characterized. Dorothy symbolizes the medium of transport for the local currency; silver is the value of money, and she wears silver shoes, gold also represents the value of money, while green is neutral. The common farmer believed that the yellow brick road† which was the term used to represent gold would cause harm†, but in the real sense it was what was needed to solve all the problems experienced. The argument that populist use the power they have to their advantage shows, as he uses the wizard who takes on many forms, the wizard only agrees to help if there is something to return the favor. The populist showed people a side of them that they knew would be convincing; their true characters and intentions were hidden. The author Frank Baum was not a politician; he was a writer, and that is why he was well informed in the political settings. The article shows how some people are perceived, dumb and stupid. These people never get the chance give their own opinion. The scarecrow in the article represents this group of people. It is lifeless and without a brain, what people do not know is that the scarecrow has a brain. The article engages the addressees; the symbols used help one to understand why this article was reviewed. Each symbol used is relevant to what it represents. In the symbol of the wizard, it represents bad leaders as the article explain how the wizard transform’s, this clearly shows how bad leaders hide who they really are. The article does not explain in depth, how money and politics play a part in this article, it shows their symbols but does not really explain, how this relates with the common people who are the mice, in this article. The articles’ focus is mainly on the populist, it needs to cover all

Auditing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Auditing - Case Study Example Overstating of revenues and the understating of expenses Revenues can be overstated so as to show that the company is doing well and that would attract new shareholders. The shareholders would be attracted by the increased revenues and that would imply that they would also get more dividends from the company because of the god performance of the company. The understating of expenses will mean that the profits of the company will increase and that will be appealing to the shareholders of the company (Kara and David, 178). The above facts will make the area of revenues and expenses more risky because the areas will have a direct effect on the shareholders decision concerning investment decisions. The auditor should carry out all the required procedures to ensure that the financial statements of the company reflect a true and fair view and the information will be useful for the shareholders and other company stakeholders. From the financial statements of the company, the operating incom e from sales has increased from 175.80 in 2011 to 197.40 in 2012. The increase in income is consistent with the increase in the previous years. However, that should not be the case because the margin of increase of tax is more than the other years, which are 33.30 in 2011 to 51.50 in 2012. That could imply that there is a probability that either the revenues were overcastted or the expenses understated and hence the area is a risky area. The company also has a reduced gross margin of 83.30 from 132.40 from 2011 and that could serve as an indicator for further investigations to ensure that there was no under stating of the expenses and the overstating of the incomes listed as other incomes. 2. Understating cost of sales The cost of sales can be understated to show an overstated profit. Cost of sales usually increases because of inefficiency in the company operations. Efficiency usually arises from the machinery that are been used, the company processes and the operations of the emplo yees. The company should ensure that it purchases its raw products at the lowest price possible to keep costs at a low level. The level of efficiency in a company is usually hard to calculate. The efficiency of the machines is usually dependent on a number of factors that may include the age of the machine and the power supply available to the machine. In that case, the auditors should treat the area of the cost of sales as a risky area because if the amounts are understated, the investors are likely to get a loss because of wrong investment decisions. Most investors usually carry out an analysis such as ratio analysis that can be used to endure that the ratios are favorable for the investor. The change in the cost of sales as compared to the prior years as per the financial statements of Stagecoach Company is not consistent. The issue of inconsistent could act as a risky area that needs further investigations and the auditor should analyze that area. The cost of sales has increased to 2507.40 in 2012 from 2257.40 in 2011. However, the operating income of the company in 2012 is greater than that in 2011. 3. Current assets and liabilities The area of current assets and liabilities is a risky area because a company can overstate its current assets and understate the liabilities to make the financial position of a company to be more appealing to investors. That is not a good thing on the part of

The Best Way to Increase Work Motivation Essay Example for Free

The Best Way to Increase Work Motivation Essay Introduction The purpose of this essay is to distinctively identify the effects of financial rewards on the work motivation of an organization and also whether or not this system of reward can cause an increase in the levels of work motivation already present in the organization. It furthermore aims to discuss weather Financial Rewards are the best way to increase the work motivation present. Although the essay shall primary be focused on Financial Rewards and Work Motivation, other factors that may have an effect on work motivation shall be discussed. For this purpose the understanding of work motivation shall be taken as such: The factors that are internal and external to employees that determine when he or she works, how hard he or she works and how long he or she works (Colquitt, Lepine and Wesson, 2009, pp.178-179). Furthermore the understanding of Financial Rewards to be undertaken is : The entire Reward System which focuses on Salary, Bonuses, Incentives etc., which aims to increase the amount of effort put in by the employees to achieve their work goals and increase work motivation in the organization as a whole (Hollyforde and Whiddett, 2002, p.166). By the conclusion of this essay the need for Financial Rewards its importance and status as apparently â€Å"the best way† to increase work motivation shall understood. There have been countless efforts over the years to understand the numerous factors and desires that determine and help to fully appreciate the intensity, quality, efficiency and reliability of the work performance of an employee. Since the eventual progress of learning and observation of the environment and factors has led to the conclusion that an employee’s performance is one of the most distinguishing factors that the organization or a business needs to cultivate in order for the organization to succeed. Work has always existed and been around in one form or another throughout our history but it is only in the recent couple of decades that we have come to understand the motivation to work or simply work motivation (Kressler, 2003, p.3). We must also take into consideration that different ways of motivation are influenced or can be influenced by the cultural context that it is applied in. People of different cultures may be motivated in different ways by the same rewards or incentives. The System of Reward must not differ substantially from the culture it is implanted in. However we must also note that most motivational theories are biased in the sense that they are US centric and based on studies conducted on test sample populations that may reflect cultural connotations and behaviors only found in the US.(Chiang and Birtch, 2012, pp.538-541) A Theory that seems to understand the disadvantage of a system solely focused on Financial Rewards is the Cognitive Evaluation Theory by E.L. Deci in which Financial Rewards would be seen as the External locus of Control and as understood by this it lessens the intrinsic motivation of the employee or person. It is assumed that activities are likely to be sustained longer if started by being motivated by intrinsic motivation and not an extrinsic motivation (Hollyford, et al, 2002, pp.37-38). According to the description by Kallberg and Rognes (2000) Non-financial rewards tend to have more broader aspects regarding improving performance and are focused on motivation for the long term of an organizations towards their employees. On the other hand as per Hofstede’s Topology in the category of Individualism-Collectivism explains Financial Rewards as being short-term and transactional in nature hence they are preferable for individuals who emphasize the aspects of individual contribution, individual ability and those that support that personal efforts are ultimately responsible for the job outcome. It is also suitable to people who see an increase in Financial Rewards as an attainment of Higher Status and Authority in the organization.(Chiang, et al, 2012, pp.542). Offering Non-Financial or pay benefits have been seen to have a positive effect as quoted by Francois Podeur, â€Å"The employees prove a high degree of organization commitment, are more loyal, feel more motivated to exceed their limitations and personal growth.†(Ciorbagui-Naon, 2010, pp.44) On the other hand as stated in Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory in 1964 that when rewards are offered employees effort is increased and Money is almost always used as it is supposedly the most powerful and influential incentive in society and is already in fact largely used. . (Zani, Rahim, Junos, Samanol, Ahmad, Merican, Saad and Ahmad, 2011, pp.328-329) Since money is the basis or foundation of financial rewards and most Reward Systems the value of money against work motivation can be directly quoted as follows: â€Å"Money is not everything, Many would be happy with more time off, or more job security, than more money. People are prepared to trade off things for money once they have enough or grow weary of the game.†(Furnham, 2006, p.26-27) Furthermore several studies that have been carried out regarding the relative importance of pay or money have shown that money or pay ranks below factors such as job satisfaction, recognition, good people to work with etc., But the tendency of people to rate the things and factors which are regarded as more socially acceptable or less socially acceptable higher or lower respectively, the results of such studies could have varied or misleading results (Armstrong, 2010, p.143-144). In Concurrence with the above, according to Deming â€Å"Pay is not a motivator† as it buys the things people want but it does not motivate you to work. There is no research that supports paying people more money will encourage them to better the work performance, especially in the long run. This is also agreed upon by Kohn (1993) and Turner (2006). But the studies also concluded that it has a slightly higher or lower effect in different industries for example as in a study by Turner(2006) conducted on factory workers and service businessmen which found little relation between performance and financial incentives in factory workers but found the opposite when the study was conducted on service businessmen. (Zani, et al, 2011, pp.330). Although Financial Rewards are supposedly provided equally according to the Principle of Distributive Justice, this is not always so as most systems are individualistically designed that they cater towards one person’s performance on the whole and may serve to de-motivate the average and low-performance attaining employees. Furthermore according to studies by Thompson (1992b) and Marsden and Richardson (1994), financial incentives related to pay have little to no effect in increasing motivation and work performance. Also according to these studies the effects of Financial Rewards are hard to determine as there are debatable or skeptical ways of monitoring its effectiveness and to also take into consideration the other factors that at the same time may be in effect that may affect performance and motivation such as innovation, new technology etc. Another factor that must be taken into consideration is the way Financial Reward are introduced into the organization and the principles and practices used implementing it, according to a study conducted for The Department of Employment in the UK by Bowey and Thorpe successful l outcomes are more dependent on the effectiveness of communication and Support systems rather than the pay design or financial reward provided. (Armstrong, et al, 2010, pp.147-150). Conclusion On the basis of the above information reviewed and analyzed we can conclude that while financial rewards are the most commonly used and implemented system of reward used today it is not necessarily the best way to increase work motivation on the whole, for the organization. The use of financial rewards cannot be rejected or discarded as it plays a part in motivating an individual but it must be taken into consideration that Financial Rewards work best when within the Framework of an Integrated system of reward that combines both Non-financial and Financial Rewards together. The system that might work best is a system that takes into consideration also the cultural context in which it is placed as this may have an effect on the performance of an individual due to a reward used. Also the ratio of Financial Rewards to Non-Financial Rewards affectedness is dependent on the industry or sector it is situated in. References Armstrong, M. (2010). Armstrongs Handbook of reward Management Practice Improving Performance through Rewards. 3rd ed. London: Kogan Page Limited. pp.143-144. Armstrong, M. (2010). Armstrongs Handbook of reward Management Practice Improving Performance through Rewards. 3rd ed. London: Kogan Page Limited. pp.147-150. Chiang, F.F.T. and Birtch, T.A. (2012). The Performance Implications of Financial and Non-Financial Rewards: An Asian Nordic Comparison. Journal of Management Studies. Vol.49, No.3, pp.538-541 Chiang, F.F.T. and Birtch, T.A. (2012). The Performance Implications of Financial and Non-Financial Rewards: An Asian Nordic Comparison. Journal of Management Studies. Vol.49, No.3, pp.542 Ciorbagui-Naon, R. (2010). Modalities of Non-Financial Motivation of Employees Within Organisations. Annals of the University of Petrosani Economics. Vol.10, No.4, pp.44. Colquitt, J., Lepine, J. and Wesson, M. (2009). Organizational Behavior Improving Performance and Commitment in the Workplace. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin. pp.178-179. Furnham, A. (2006). Pouring Money Down the Drain?. British Journal of Administrative Management. Vol.53, Issue.2, pp.26-27. Kressler, H. (2003). Motivate and reward Performance Appraisal and Incentive Systems for business Success. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.3 Hollyford, S and Whiddett, S. (2002). The Motivation Hand book. London: CIPD House. pp.37-38. Hollyforde, S. and Whiddett, S. (2002). The Motivation Handbook. London: CIPD House. pp.166. Zani, R. Md., Rahim, N. A., Junos, S., Samanol, S., Ahmad, S. S., Merican, F. M. I., Saad, S. M. and Ahmad, I. N. (2011). Comparing the Impact of Financial and Non-Financial Rewards Towards Organizational Motivation. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. Vol.3, No.4, pp.328-329. Zani, R. Md., Rahim, N. A., Junos, S., Samanol, S., Ahmad, S. S., Merican, F. M. I., Saad, S. M. and Ahmad, I. N. (2011). Comparing the Impact of Financial and Non-Financial Rewards Towards Organizational Motivation. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. Vol.3, No.4, pp.330.